Let’s fetch the home page for the wonderful httpbingo.org service.

You can make a simple GET request using Faraday.get:

response = Faraday.get('http://httpbingo.org')

This returns a Faraday::Response object with the response status, headers, and body.

response.status
# => 200

response.headers
# => {"server"=>"Fly/c375678 (2021-04-23)", "content-type"=> ...

response.body
# => "<!DOCTYPE html><html> ...

Faraday Connection

The recommended way to use Faraday, especially when integrating to 3rd party services and API, is to create a Faraday::Connection. The connection object can be configured with things like:

  • default request headers & query parameters
  • network settings like proxy or timeout
  • common URL base path
  • Faraday adapter & middleware (see below)

Create a Faraday::Connection by calling Faraday.new. You can then call each HTTP verb (get, post, …) on your Faraday::Connection to perform a request:

conn = Faraday.new(
  url: 'http://httpbingo.org',
  params: {param: '1'},
  headers: {'Content-Type' => 'application/json'}
)

response = conn.post('/post') do |req|
  req.params['limit'] = 100
  req.body = {query: 'chunky bacon'}.to_json
end
# => POST http://httpbingo.org/post?param=1&limit=100

GET, HEAD, DELETE, TRACE

Faraday supports the following HTTP verbs that typically don’t include a request body:

  • get(url, params = nil, headers = nil)
  • head(url, params = nil, headers = nil)
  • delete(url, params = nil, headers = nil)
  • trace(url, params = nil, headers = nil)

You can specify URI query parameters and HTTP headers when making a request.

response = conn.get('get', { boom: 'zap' }, { 'User-Agent' => 'myapp' })
# => GET http://httpbingo.org/get?boom=zap

POST, PUT, PATCH

Faraday also supports HTTP verbs with bodies. Instead of query parameters, these accept a request body:

  • post(url, body = nil, headers = nil)
  • put(url, body = nil, headers = nil)
  • patch(url, body = nil, headers = nil)
# POST 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content
response = conn.post('post', 'boom=zap')

# POST JSON content
response = conn.post('post', '{"boom": "zap"}',
  "Content-Type" => "application/json")

Posting Forms

Faraday will automatically convert key/value hashes into proper form bodies thanks to the url_encoded middleware included in the default connection.

# POST 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content
response = conn.post('post', boom: 'zap')
# => POST 'boom=zap' to http://httpbingo.org/post

Detailed HTTP Requests

Faraday supports a longer style for making requests. This is handy if you need to change many of the defaults, or if the details of the HTTP request change according to method arguments. Each of the HTTP verb helpers can yield a Faraday::Request that can be modified before being sent.

This example shows a hypothetical search endpoint that accepts a JSON request body as the actual search query.

response = conn.post('post') do |req|
  req.params['limit'] = 100
  req.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
  req.body = {query: 'chunky bacon'}.to_json
end
# => POST http://httpbingo.org/post?limit=100

Adapters

Adapters are responsible for actually executing HTTP requests. The default adapter uses Ruby’s Net::HTTP, but there are many different adapters available. You might want to use Faraday with the Typhoeus adapter, for example. Learn more about Adapters.

Middleware

Under the hood, Faraday uses a Rack-inspired middleware stack for making requests. Much of Faraday’s power is unlocked with custom middleware. Some middleware is included with Faraday, and others are in external gems. Learn more about Middleware.

Here are some of the features that middleware can provide:

  • authentication
  • caching responses on disk or in memory
  • cookies
  • following redirects
  • JSON encoding/decoding
  • logging
  • retrying

To use these great features, create a Faraday::Connection with Faraday.new and add the correct middleware in a block. For example:

require 'faraday'
require 'faraday/retry'

conn = Faraday.new('http://httpbingo.org') do |f|
  f.request :json # encode req bodies as JSON and automatically set the Content-Type header
  f.request :retry # retry transient failures
  f.response :json # decode response bodies as JSON
  f.adapter :net_http # adds the adapter to the connection, defaults to `Faraday.default_adapter`
end

# Sends a GET request with JSON body that will automatically retry in case of failure.
response = conn.get('get', boom: 'zap')

# response body is automatically decoded from JSON to a Ruby hash
response.body['args'] #=> {"boom"=>["zap"]}

Default Connection, Default Middleware

Remember how we said that Faraday will automatically encode key/value hash bodies into form bodies? Internally, the top level shortcut methods Faraday.get, post, etc. use a simple default Faraday::Connection. The only middleware used for the default connection is :url_encoded, which encodes those form hashes, and the default_adapter.

Note that if you create your own connection with middleware, it won’t encode form bodies unless you too include the :url_encoded middleware!

Customizing the Request